![The Power of Seven](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_2_The_Power_of_Seven_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
Catastrophic epidemics can be stopped with seven sets of concrete actions.
Source: Authors.
![A Web of Risk Factors Drives the Increase in Epidemics](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_3_Web_of_Risk_Factors_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
A combination of social, economic, and environmental factors is accelerating the emergence and spread of novel viruses and new epidemics.
source: Adapted from: World Health Organization. Research priorities for the environment, agriculture and infectious diseases of poverty. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013. https://www.mcmasterhealthforum.org/docs/default-source/Product-Documents/stakeholder-dialogue-summary/capacity-to-respond-to-future-pandemics-sds.pdf?sfvrsn=4 (accessed 18 November 2016). Smith K, Goldberg M, Rosenthal S et al. Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. Journal of Royal Society
Interface 2014; 11: 20140950–20140950.
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0950.
![A Matrix of Terrorist Weapons](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_6_Matrix_of_Terrorist_Weapons_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
Infectious-disease bioterror threats rank second only to nuclear devices in their potential to inflict mass causalities.
source: Coleman K, Ishisoko N, Trounce M, Bernard K. Hitting a Moving Target: A Strategic Tool for Analyzing Terrorist Threats. Health Security 2016.
DOI:10.1089/hs.2016.0062.
![The Epidemic Cascade](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_10_Epidemic_Cascade_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
The direct effect of epidemics, combined with aversion behavior, drives a cascade of sometimes devastating and lasting healthcare social, economic, and business impacts.
![Integrating Resilient Health Systems and Health Security](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_12_Health_Systems_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
Resilient national health systems based on universal health coverage are the foundation for national and global health security.
source: Adapted from: The road to recovery from Ebola. World Health Organization. 2017. http://www.who.int/ebola/health-systems-recovery/en/ (accessed 1 May 2017).
![The Cost of Making the World Safer](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_20_Cost_of_Making_the_World_Safer_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
By investing an extra $1 per year for every person on the planet ($7.5 billion annually) we can make the world substantially safer from pandemic threats
source: The neglected dimensions of global security. National Academy of Medicine. 2016. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21891/the-neglected-dimension-of-global-security-a-framework-to-counter (accessed 1 May 2017). Osterholm M, Olshaker M. Deadliest enemy: Our war against killer germs. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Sands P, Mundaca-Shah C, Dzau V. The Neglected Dimension of Global Security—A Framework for Countering Infectious-Disease Crises. New England Journal of Medicine 2016; 374: 1281–1287. Røttingen J, Regmi S, Eide M et al. Mapping of available health research and development data: What’s there, what’s missing, and what role is there for a global observatory? The Lancet 2013; 382: 1286–307. Brende B, Farrar J, Gashumba D, Moedas C, Mundel T, Shiozaki Y, Vardhan H, Wanka J, Røttingen J. CEPI-a new global R&D organisation for epidemic preparedness and response. Lancet. 2017 Jan 21; 389(10066):233-235. Wilder-Smith A, Gubler D, Weaver S, Monath T, Heymann D, Scott T. Epidemic arboviral diseases: priorities for research and public health. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2017; 17: e101-e106. Author estimate for diagnostics.
![Building a Successful Social Movement](https://www.endofepidemics.com/wp-content/grand-media/image/EOE_22_Social_Movement_Dec-2017_Copr.jpg)
Large scale social change and impact requires the right people, a persuasive case, tangible goals, and strategies for action.
source: Authors’ synthesis formulation based on: Busby J. Moral movements and foreign policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Berridge V. Public health activism: lessons from history? British Medical Journal 2007; 335(7633):1310–2. Dreier P. Social Movements: How People Make History. Mobilizing Ideas. 2012. https://mobilizingideas.wordpress.com/2012/08/01/socialmovementshowpeoplemakehistory/ (accessed 6 March 2017). Quick J. Smith F. 15 March 2017; by email. Fryer B. Coe J. 17 June 2016; by email.